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Psychology - Memory Basics and Models - MCAT Practice Questions

Which memory type is primarily studied using the whole report and partial report techniques to investigate its brief, large capacity for visual information?
Iconic Memory






The tendency to remember the first items (primacy effect) and the last items (recency effect) in a list better than the items in the middle is known as the:
Serial-Position Effect






According to the Working Memory Components model, which component is responsible for processing auditory and verbal information?
Phonological loop






Which component of Working Memory acts as the attentional control system, regulating the flow of information between the other components?
Central executive






The hypothesis that states visual and verbal information are coded separately in the brain, making it easier to remember words associated with images, is the:
Dual Coding Hypothesis






Which concept states that memories are easier to retrieve if the external environment or context during retrieval is similar to the environment at the time the memory was first learned?
Encoding Specificity






The simple, repetitive method of memorization that involves deliberate and continuous repetition of material in the same form is called:
Rote Rehearsal






Recalling a long string of numbers (e.g., 1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6) by mentally grouping them into meaningful historical dates (1492, 1776) is an example of:
Memory Chunking






Learning techniques like the method of loci, pegword systems, and acronyms that enhance information retention and retrieval are collectively known as:
Mnemonic Devices






The finding that studying for an exam in several short sessions spread over a week results in better retention than a single long session is consistent with the:
Spacing Effect






A person who learned information while intoxicated is more likely to retrieve that information successfully when they are again intoxicated. This is evidence for:
State-Dependent Learning






A fill-in-the-blank test question uses the first few letters of a word as a prompt to help the student retrieve the full word. This is a form of:
Cued Recall






The physiological basis of Memory is often described as the:
Long-lasting strengthening of synapses between nerve cells (Long-Term Potentiation)






The fact that Relearning information is faster than initial learning serves as evidence for the persistence of:
Memory Retrieval (Memory Traces)






Remembering to pick up milk on the way home from work tomorrow is an example of:
Prospective Memory






A memory error where a person recalls an event but incorrectly attributes the memory to a specific source (e.g., mistaking a dream for a real event) is called a:
Source-Monitoring Error






Which memory model suggests that individual concepts are interconnected based on personal knowledge and experience, with no strict top-down structure?
Semantic Network Model






In the Spreading Activation Model, if the concept "doctor" is activated, it increases the likelihood of immediately recalling which related concept?
Nurse






A study participant is asked to hold a visual pattern in their mind while listening to a complex story. The difficulty of this task is due to the limited capacity of the:
Central executive






Using the method of loci, a person associates list items with locations in a familiar house. This technique relies heavily on which component of working memory?
Visuo-spatial sketchpad






The phenomenon illustrated by the Example of Spreading Activation ("fire engine" activating "truck," "fire," and "red") is a mechanism used to explain:
Cued Recall






When a person is tested on a list of words, they vividly remember the first three words but cannot recall any of the subsequent words. This failure of the Serial-Position Effect's recency portion suggests a potential issue with transferring information from short-term to:
Long-term memory






Which approach to improving memory is most compatible with the Dual Coding Hypothesis?
Using images and diagrams alongside verbal notes






A student studies for an exam in the same classroom where the exam will be held. This strategy is an attempt to maximize retrieval efficiency based on the principle of:
Encoding Specificity






An elderly person is trying to recall if they told their doctor about a new medication or if they just planned to tell their doctor. This difficulty involves a failure in:
Source-Monitoring Error