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Psychology - Cognition, Intelligence, and Language - MCAT Practice Questions

Which theory of intelligence proposes that intelligence is composed of seven independent, distinct factors, rather than a single general ability?
Primary mental abilities theory






The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence includes which three components?
Analytical, Creative, and Practical






A person who has suffered a stroke is unable to execute a sequence of motor movements for tasks like tying their shoes, despite having the physical strength and comprehension. This condition is known as:
Apraxia






A child struggles to coordinate the oral movements needed for the correct production of speech sounds, leading to inconsistent speech errors. This specific speech disorder is called:
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)






A patient who suffers extensive brain damage affecting both the language production and language comprehension areas (Broca's and Wernicke's) would likely be diagnosed with:
Global Aphasia






An acquired neurological disorder that results in the loss of the ability to communicate through writing, often due to an inability to spell or motor dysfunction, is:
Agraphia






The complete set of words in a language, including their meanings and usage information, is referred to as the:
Lexicon






The theory that posits that all humans share a fundamental "psychic unity" and that language is simply a reflection of human thought is:
Linguistic Universalism Theory






The idea that the language an individual speaks limits and strongly influences or determines the way they think and their view of the world is known as:
Linguistic Determinism






The thick band of nerve fibers that serves to divide the cerebral cortex into left and right hemispheres and facilitates communication between them is the:
Corpus Callosum






A condition resulting from the dysfunction or absence of the Corpus Callosum, leading to situations where the left and right hemispheres of the brain operate largely independently, is termed:
Split-brain Syndrome






If a person with Split-brain Syndrome is shown an image in their left visual field, they would likely be unable to verbally identify the object because:
The image is processed by the right hemisphere, which cannot transfer the information to the verbal left hemisphere.






The principle that the hemispheres of the brain primarily control the opposite sides of the body is known as:
Contralateral Control






For most people, the ability to speak and understand language is predominantly controlled by the:
Left hemisphere






Stages in an organism's lifespan when the nervous system is highly receptive to specific environmental stimuli, such as learning a first language, are known as:
Critical and Sensitive Periods






A child is unable to develop proper grammar and syntax because they were not exposed to language input before the age of seven. This inability is best explained by the existence of:
Critical and Sensitive Periods






A person who is excellent at mathematics and logic but struggles to generate novel ideas or cope with ambiguity would be strong in the analytical component of the Triarchic Theory, but weak in the:
Creative component






The ability to use one's intelligence to find solutions to real-world problems, like fixing a broken machine or navigating a complex social situation, is best described by the practical component of the:
Triarchic theory






If a person suffers damage to the Corpus Callosum, which function would be most directly impaired?
Transferring sensory and motor information between the two hemispheres.






The theory of intelligence that defines intelligence through factors such as word fluency, spatial visualization, and memory is the:
Primary mental abilities theory