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Psychology - Attention and Cognitive Models - MCAT Practice Questions

The allocation of attention to specific information or cognitive processes that is determined by a person's goals or internal focus is known as:
Directed Attention






A sudden flash of light or a loud, unexpected sound that automatically draws a person's attention is an example of what type of attention trigger?
Exogenous Attention Cue






Shifting your focus to a specific icon on your computer screen because you made a conscious decision to check that application is an example of what type of attention trigger?
Endogenous Attention Cue






The fundamental act of selectively focusing on a specific item or location from the array of available sensory stimuli is the core of:
Attention






When a person hears their name called and physically turns their head and eyes toward the source of the sound, they are engaging in:
Overt Orienting






Mentally focusing on a suspicious sound in an alleyway while keeping your eyes fixed straight ahead on the sidewalk is an example of:
Covert Orienting






The of Attention that includes functions like monitoring conflicts between internal processes and anticipating the effects of behavior emphasizes its role in:
Goal-directed behavior






In an experimental setting, a participant is asked to listen to and repeat aloud the message played into only one ear, ignoring the message in the other ear. This procedure is called a:
Shadowing Task






According to Broadbent's Early Selection Theory, all sensory information initially enters a temporary holding space called a:
'Short-term store' or 'buffer'






A central claim of Broadbent's Early Selection Theory is that the physical characteristics of a stimulus (like pitch or volume) are used to filter information:
Before its meaning is analyzed.






The Spotlight Model of Attention suggests that attention acts like a mobile beam, focusing on:
One location and processing information within its beam preferentially.






Exposure to the word "doctor" makes a person faster at identifying the word "nurse" moments later. This increase in processing speed is specifically an example of:
Positive priming






The phenomenon where a person's response is slowed or impaired because they were previously exposed to, and required to ignore, that same stimulus is known as:
Negative priming






The inability to successfully juggle two demanding tasks at the same time, such as complex driving and deep conversation, is best explained by the fundamental limits described in the:
Resource Model of Attention






The core assumption of the Resource Model of Attention is that attentional capacity is:
Limited and easily overtasked






The key behavioral difference between Overt Orienting and Covert Orienting is that covert orienting occurs:
Without physical eye movement






The difference between an Exogenous Attention Cue and a willful shift of Directed Attention is that the exogenous cue is:
Automatically captures attention from outside the person






A finding that information in the unattended ear of a Shadowing Task sometimes impacts later judgments, even if the content wasn't consciously heard, provides evidence against the strict nature of:
Broadbent's Early Selection Theory






The fact that the processing of an initial, briefly presented stimulus can affect the response to a second, later stimulus demonstrates that information that is not fully brought to consciousness can still:
Influence later cognitive processing (Priming)






When an individual uses a deliberate, internal decision to look away from a stimulus that their attention has automatically been captured by (Exogenous Cue), they are exercising:
Directed Attention