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Psychology - Neurotransmitters, Development, and Sleep - MCAT Practice Questions
Which neurotransmitter inhibits a neuron's activity by allowing Cl⁻ ions to enter the cell and cause hyperpolarization? GABA
A 5-year-old child who believes that the moon follows them while they are in the car and struggles to see a situation from another person's point of view is exhibiting: Egocentrism (characteristic of Piaget's Preoperational Stage)
The primary mechanism by which the neurotransmitter Glutamate excites a neuron is by allowing which ion to enter the cell and cause depolarization? Na⁺
A 9-year-old child successfully understands that pouring the same amount of liquid from a short, wide glass into a tall, thin glass does not change the total volume. This skill, known as conservation, is a hallmark of which of Piaget's stages? Concrete Operational Stage
During which stages of sleep is delta wave activity most predominant? Stages 3 & 4 (Slow-wave sleep)
Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering feelings of sleepiness? Melatonin
A 15-year-old is capable of debating complex ethical dilemmas and forming hypotheses about abstract ideas that don't exist in the real world. This reflects the development of: Abstract thought (characteristic of Piaget's Formal Operational Stage)
What is the primary function of Cortisol in relation to blood sugar levels during a stress response or low blood sugar? To increase blood sugar by activating gluconeogenesis.
During which stage of Piaget's cognitive development do infants typically develop object permanence and engage in circular reactions to explore their environment? Sensorimotor Stage
Which type of brainwave activity is characteristically observed during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep? Beta waves