Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that consist of an oscillating
electric field and an oscillating what? Magnetic field
The oscillating electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave are
perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the wave's: Propagation
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies and what else found
in electromagnetic waves? Wavelengths
In the visible spectrum, which color has the largest wavelength? Red
The Rydberg formula is used to predict the what of light emitted or absorbed
after an electron moves between energy levels? Wavelength
What is the bending and spreading out of light waves as they pass through a
narrow slit called? Diffraction
Young's double-slit experiment demonstrates which two types of wave
interference? Constructive and Destructive
What type of light waves are those in which the vibrations occur in a single
plane? Plane polarized
When all light rays have electric fields with equal intensity but constantly
rotating direction, this light is called: Circularly polarized light
What is the rebounding of incident light waves at a medium's boundary
called? Reflection
The law of reflection states that the angle of reflection is what to the
angle of incidence? Equal to
A concave mirror is characterized by its ability to cause parallel light
rays to: Converge at a focal point
For a concave mirror, if the object is farther than the focal point, the
image will be: Real and inverted
For a concave mirror, if the object is very close to the mirror (inside the
focal point), the image will be: Virtual and upright
For a convex mirror, the image will always be: Virtual and upright
What is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another
called? Refraction
The formula for the index of refraction (n) relates the speed of light in a
vacuum (c) to the speed of light in the medium (v): n = c / v
Snell's law relates the indices of refraction (n₁, n₂) and the angles of
incidence (θ₁) and refraction (θ₂) as: n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂
What is the phenomenon where various wavelengths of light separate from each
other, as seen in a prism or a rainbow? Dispersion
Total internal reflection occurs when light attempts to move from a medium
with a: Higher index to a lower index
The critical angle is the angle of incidence that results in an angle of
refraction of exactly how many degrees? 90 degrees
A convex lens is also known as a: Converging lens
A concave lens is also known as a: Diverging lens
For an object outside the focal point of a convex (converging) lens, the
image is: Real and inverted
The thin lens equation relates focal length (f), image distance (dᵢ), and
object distance (dₒ): 1/f = 1/dₒ + 1/dᵢ