Psychology - Identity and Self-Concept - MCAT Practice Questions

Self-concept is best described as:

A. An individual's sense of his or her value or worth
B. The degree to which we see ourselves as capable at a given skill
C. The sum of ways we describe ourselves
D. The individual components of identity related to a group

The individual components of our self-concept related to the group to which we belong are called:

A. Self-efficacy
B. Locus of control
C. Self-identities
D. Self-esteem

Self-esteem is defined as:

A. The belief that external forces control life events
B. The degree to which we believe we can succeed
C. An individual's sense of his or her value or worth
D. A sense of powerlessness arising from persistent failure

A person's self-esteem will be higher if their actual self is closer to their ideal self and their:

A. Self-efficacy
B. Ought self
C. Self-concept
D. Learned helplessness

Self-efficacy refers to:

A. The individual's moral reasoning
B. The degree of control felt over life outcomes
C. The degree to which we see ourselves as being capable at a given skill or situation
D. The sum of all our self-identities

A condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure, is known as:

A. Internal locus of control
B. Low self-efficacy
C. Learned helplessness
D. Identity confusion

The degree to which people believe that they have control over the outcome of events in their lives is referred to as:

A. Self-efficacy
B. Self-esteem
C. Locus of control
D. Learned helplessness

Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development are based on tensions caused by the:

A. Ego
B. Fixation
C. Libido
D. Superego

According to Freud, failure at any psychosexual stage leads to a condition called:

A. Learned helplessness
B. Fixation
C. Role confusion
D. Guilt

The age range for Freud's oral psychosexual stage is:

A. 1 to 3
B. 3 to 6
C. 0 to 1
D. 6 to puberty

Freud's anal psychosexual stage occurs between the ages of:

A. 0 to 1
B. 1 to 3
C. 3 to 6
D. 6 to puberty

The phallic psychosexual stage spans the ages of:

A. 1 to 3
B. 3 to 6
C. 6 to puberty
D. Puberty through adulthood

The latent psychosexual stage lasts from age 6 until:

A. 12
B. 13
C. Adulthood
D. Puberty

Freud's genital psychosexual stage is the final stage, lasting from puberty through:

A. Age 20
B. Age 65
C. Adulthood
D. Age 40

Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial development stem from conflicts that occur:

A. Primarily in childhood
B. Due to the libido
C. Throughout life
D. Based on moral dilemmas

The psychosocial stage of trust vs. mistrust occurs during the ages:

A. 1 to 3
B. 0 to 1
C. 3 to 6
D. 6 to 12

The core conflict of autonomy vs. shame is experienced during the ages:

A. 0 to 1
B. 1 to 3
C. 3 to 6
D. 6 to 12

The initiative vs. guilt stage in Erikson's theory corresponds to the age range:

A. 1 to 3
B. 3 to 6
C. 6 to 12
D. 12 to 20

The stage of industry vs. inferiority is characteristic of the ages:

A. 3 to 6
B. 6 to 12
C. 12 to 20
D. 20 to 40

The primary conflict for adolescents (ages 12 to 20) is:

A. Intimacy vs. isolation
B. Generativity vs. stagnation
C. Identity vs. role confusion
D. Industry vs. inferiority

The psychosocial stage of intimacy vs. isolation occurs between the ages of:

A. 12 to 20
B. 20 to 40
C. 40 to 65
D. 65 until death

The conflict of generativity vs. stagnation is associated with the age range:

A. 20 to 40
B. 40 to 65
C. 65 until death
D. 12 to 20

The final psychosocial stage, integrity vs. despair, begins at age 65 and lasts until:

A. Age 80
B. Age 90
C. Death
D. The onset of senescence

Kohlberg's stages are based on and explain the development of moral reasoning in children through:

A. Psychosexual fixation
B. Psychosocial conflicts
C. Moral dilemmas
D. Self-efficacy beliefs

Kohlberg's preconventional morality is based on:

A. Societal laws and rules
B. Universal ethical principles
C. Self-interest and a child-like sense of right vs. wrong
D. Group norms and expectations