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Psychology - Socialization and Deviance - MCAT Practice Questions

The process of internalizing social norms and values throughout one's life is defined as:
Socialization






According to the concept of Sanctions and Socialization, what primary role do sanctions play?
They are used to enforce compliance with social norms.






A parent smiling and verbally praising a child for sharing a toy with a sibling is an example of a:
Informal Sanction






The act of learning and internalizing the norms and values of a society, allowing an individual to function within that culture, is Socialization . Which one of these is the primary agent of socialization?
Family






Which type of Informal Sanctions are commonly used in everyday interactions and are not enforced by authorities?
Gestures of approval or disapproval (e.g., a thumbs-up or a glare)






Informal norms that are considered essential for societal functioning and are often accompanied by severe sanctions if violated (e.g., prohibitions against murder) are called:
Mores






Informal norms that are less significant than mores but still influence everyday behavior (e.g., covering your mouth when you cough) are:
Folkways






Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society is defined as:
Stigma






Any violation of norms, rules, or expectations in a society, regardless of whether the behavior is positive or negative, is defined as:
Deviance






According to Differential Association Theory, criminal behavior is primarily:
Learned through interactions with others (especially in intimate groups).






after committing a widely condemned act, such as incest, is a severe application of a sanction against a violation of a:
Mores






A positive act, such as saving someone from a burning building, can still be considered Deviance if it:
Violates a social rule or expectation (e.g., putting oneself in unnecessary danger).






A professor deducting points from a student's final grade for plagiarism is an example of a negative, official application of which concept?
Formal Sanction






The fact that social norms (and therefore what counts as deviance) change over time and vary across cultures is a key idea behind the process of:
Socialization






Differential Association Theory suggests that a teenager is more likely to engage in vandalism if:
Their close friends frequently engage in and positively reinforce vandalism.