Physics Review

Kinematics and Vectors

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Which of the following is NOT a vector?

A. Velocity
B. Speed
C. Displacement
D. Force

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Which of the following is a scalar?

A. Velocity
B. Acceleration
C. Temperature
D. Displacement

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Which method involves placing the tail of one vector at the tip of another to find the resultant?

A. Tip‑to‑tail method
B. Parallelogram method
C. Component method
D. Cross product method

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To subtract vector B from A (i.e. to find A – B), you should:

A. Add A and B directly
B. Reverse B and add tip‑to‑tail to A
C. Reverse A and add tip‑to‑tail to B
D. Take the cross product of A and B

Dynamics

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A free body diagram shows:

A. Forces acting only on the chosen object
B. All forces in the system
C. Forces the object exerts on other objects
D. The motion of the object

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If an object is in translational equilibrium, then:

A. The object is not moving
B. The object has no acceleration
C. The sum of forces = 0
D. The object has constant velocity

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If an object is in rotational equilibrium, then:

A. The object is not rotating
B. The sum of torques = 0
C. The object has no angular acceleration
D. The object has constant angular velocity

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Which statement is true about displacement?

A. Displacement does not depend on the path between start and end
B. Displacement depends on the path taken
C. Displacement is always positive
D. Displacement is a scalar quantity

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Which of these is true about distance?

A. It does not depend on the path taken
B. It depends on the path taken
C. It is a vector quantity
D. It can be negative

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Which is a correct description of velocity?

A. Vector; magnitude and direction
B. Scalar; magnitude only
C. Vector; magnitude only
D. Scalar; direction only

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Which best describes speed?

A. Vector; magnitude and direction
B. Scalar; magnitude only
C. Vector; magnitude only
D. Scalar; direction only

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Which is the best definition of force?

A. The rate of change of position
B. The rate of change of velocity
C. A push or pull that can change motion
D. The amount of matter in an object

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Which law describes the force of gravity between two masses?

A. Newton's law of universal gravitation
B. Newton's first law of motion
C. Newton's second law of motion
D. Newton's third law of motion

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Which type of friction acts on a stationary object to prevent motion?

A. Static friction
B. Kinetic friction
C. Rolling friction
D. Fluid friction

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Which is true about mass?

A. It changes with gravitational field strength
B. It is a measure of how much matter an object has
C. It is a force
D. It depends on location

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Which is true regarding weight?

A. It is a measure of how much matter an object has
B. It is constant everywhere
C. It is a force and changes with gravitational field strength
D. It is the same as mass

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Which statement is correct about acceleration?

A. Acceleration describes change in velocity over time
B. Acceleration describes change in position over time
C. Acceleration is always in the direction of motion
D. Acceleration is a scalar quantity

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Torque is:

A. A linear force
B. A twisting influence that can cause rotation
C. The rate of change of angular velocity
D. The same as force

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Newton's First Law states:

A. F=ma
B. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
C. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
D. An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force

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Newton's Second Law states:

A. F = ma
B. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
C. An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an external force
D. Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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Newton's Third Law states:

A. F = ma
B. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
C. An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force
D. Work equals force times distance

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What are the units for a joule?

A. Kilogram meter per second (kg⋅m/s)
B. Newton per meter (N/m)
C. Newton meter (Nm)
D. Kilogram per second squared (kg/s²)

Energy and Work

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Kinetic energy is:

A. The energy of motion, observable as the movement of an object
B. A type of energy an object has because of its position
C. The energy stored in the bonds of compounds
D. The energy between two charged particles

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Potential energy is:

A. The energy of motion, observable as the movement of an object
B. A type of energy an object has because of its position
C. The energy stored in the bonds of compounds
D. The rate at which work is done

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Gravitational potential energy is:

A. The energy of motion in a gravitational field
B. The energy created when stretching or compressing an elastic object
C. The potential an object has to do work as a result of being located at a particular position in a gravitational field
D. The energy between two charged particles

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Elastic potential energy is:

A. Created when stretching or compressing an elastic object
B. The energy of motion in an elastic material
C. The energy between two charged particles
D. The energy stored in the bonds of compounds

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Electrical potential energy is:

A. The energy of motion of charged particles
B. The energy between two charged particles
C. The energy stored in electrical bonds
D. The energy created when stretching electrical components

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Chemical potential energy is:

A. The energy of motion of molecules
B. The energy between two charged particles
C. The energy stored in the bonds of compounds
D. The potential energy due to chemical position

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Conservative forces are path:

A. Dependent
B. Independent
C. Variable
D. Circular

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Non-conservative forces are path:

A. Dependent
B. Independent
C. Variable
D. Linear

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Work is:

A. The rate at which energy is transferred
B. The energy stored in an object's position
C. The process by which energy is transferred from one system to another
D. The energy of motion of an object

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Power is:

A. The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred
B. The process by which energy is transferred from one system to another
C. The energy stored in an object's position
D. The total amount of work done on an object

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The SI unit for power is:

A. Joule (J)
B. Watt (W)
C. Newton (N)
D. Pascal (Pa)

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Efficiency is:

A. The ratio of the machine's work output to work input when non-conservative forces are taken into account
B. The total amount of work done by a machine
C. The rate at which a machine does work
D. The energy lost due to friction in a machine

Thermodynamics

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Thermal equilibrium is when systems have:

A. The same mass and volume
B. The same average kinetic energy and thus the same temperature
C. The same pressure and density
D. No energy transfer between them

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Temperature is:

A. The total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance
B. The potential energy of particles in a substance
C. The average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance
D. The rate of energy transfer in a substance

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Isolated systems:

A. Do not exchange matter or energy with surroundings
B. Exchange energy but not matter with surroundings
C. Exchange matter but not energy with surroundings
D. Exchange both matter and energy with surroundings

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Closed systems:

A. Do not exchange matter or energy with surroundings
B. Will exchange energy but not matter with their surroundings
C. Exchange matter but not energy with surroundings
D. Exchange both matter and energy with surroundings

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Open systems:

A. Do not exchange matter or energy with surroundings
B. Exchange energy but not matter with surroundings
C. Exchange matter but not energy with surroundings
D. Will exchange both energy and matter with their surroundings

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A state function is:

A. A property that has a unique value that depends only on the present state of a system and not how the state was reached
B. A property that describes the pathway from one equilibrium state to another
C. A property that depends on the history of the system
D. A property that changes with the method of measurement

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A process function:

A. Has a unique value that depends only on the present state of a system
B. Describes the pathway from one equilibrium state to another
C. Is independent of the system's history
D. Never changes during a process

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Heat is:

A. The total energy contained in an object
B. The average kinetic energy of particles
C. Energy transfer between two objects at different temperatures
D. The work done by a system

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Specific heat is:

A. The amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by 1°C or 1 K
B. The total heat capacity of a substance
C. The amount of energy required for a phase change
D. The rate of heat transfer in a substance

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Heat of transformation is:

A. The amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of a substance
B. The amount of energy required for a phase change of a substance
C. The energy transferred between two objects at different temperatures
D. The work done during a thermodynamic process

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Isobaric processes have constant:

A. Pressure
B. Temperature
C. Volume
D. Heat

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Isothermal processes have constant:

A. Pressure
B. Temperature
C. Volume
D. Heat

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In an adiabatic process, no _____ is exchanged:

A. Work
B. Energy
C. Matter
D. Heat

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Isovolumetric processes have constant:

A. Pressure
B. Temperature
C. Volume
D. Heat

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Work in regards to expansion or compression of a gas is calculated using:

A. Work = -(pressure) × (change in volume)
B. Work = (force) × (distance)
C. Work = (mass) × (acceleration)
D. Work = (energy) / (time)

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Entropy is:

A. The total energy in a system
B. A measure of how much energy has spread out or how spread out energy has become
C. The rate of energy transfer in a system
D. The work done by a system

Fluids

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Fluids are substances that:

A. Flow and conform to the shape of their containers
B. Maintain their shape regardless of their container
C. Only exist as gases
D. Cannot be compressed

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Which of the following maintain their shape regardless of their container?

A. Liquids
B. Solids
C. Gases
D. Fluids

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The equation for pressure is:

A. Pressure = mass × density
B. Pressure = volume / time
C. Pressure = force / area
D. Pressure = density × volume

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Pressure in a fluid at a given depth is:

A. Equal in every direction
B. Greater vertically than horizontally
C. Greater horizontally than vertically
D. Variable in different directions

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Specific gravity is the ratio of:

A. An object's mass to its volume
B. An object's density to water's density
C. An object's weight to its mass
D. Water's density to the object's density

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Cohesion refers to the clinging of _____ molecules, while adhesion refers to the clinging of _____ molecules:

A. Like; unlike
B. Unlike; like
C. Large; small
D. Polar; nonpolar

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Capillary action occurs when:

A. Cohesive forces are stronger than adhesive forces
B. Surface tension is maximized
C. Adhesive forces to the wall are stronger than cohesive forces between liquid molecules
D. The liquid is at its boiling point

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Surface tension is created by:

A. Cohesive forces
B. Adhesive forces
C. Gravitational forces
D. Electromagnetic forces

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Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's:

A. Density
B. Internal friction
C. Compressibility
D. Temperature

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Laminar flow is:

A. Smooth and orderly
B. Rough and disorderly
C. Circular and rotating
D. Pulsating and intermittent

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Turbulent flow is:

A. Smooth and orderly
B. Rough and disorderly
C. Linear and predictable
D. Circular and rotating

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Poiseuille's law determines the _____ of laminar flow:

A. Direction
B. Temperature
C. Rate
D. Pressure

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Volumetric flow rate is the volume of fluid which passes per:

A. Unit time
B. Unit area
C. Unit pressure
D. Unit mass

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How does the size of a pipe affect fluid flow rate? Narrow passages have _____ flow, wider ones have _____ flow:

A. Fast; slow
B. Slow; fast
C. Fast; fast
D. Slow; slow

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Bernoulli's equation states that:

A. The sum of all forms of energy in a fluid flowing along an enclosed path is the same at any two points in the path
B. Pressure increases as velocity increases in a fluid
C. Energy is lost as fluid moves through a pipe
D. Fluid velocity is independent of pressure

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According to the venturi effect, when a fluid passes through a constricted area, velocity will _____ and static pressure will _____:

A. Decrease; increase
B. Increase; decrease
C. Increase; increase
D. Decrease; decrease

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In a Venturi tube, as cross-sectional area decreases from point 1 to point 2, the linear speed must:

A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain constant
D. Become zero

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In our circulatory system, as total cross-sectional area increases, velocity:

A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains constant
D. Becomes zero

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Electrostatics and Magnetism

The unit of electric charge is:

A. Ampere
B. Volt
C. Coulomb
D. Joule

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Protons have a _____ charge and electrons have a _____ charge:

A. Positive; negative
B. Negative; positive
C. Positive; positive
D. Negative; negative

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Opposite charges exert _____ forces, while like charges exert _____ forces:

A. Attractive; repulsive
B. Repulsive; attractive
C. Attractive; attractive
D. Repulsive; repulsive

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Materials that allow the flow of charge are called:

A. Insulators
B. Conductors
C. Semiconductors
D. Resistors

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Materials that resist the movement of charge are called:

A. Insulators
B. Conductors
C. Semiconductors
D. Capacitors

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Coulomb's law gives the magnitude of the _____ between two charges:

A. Electric field
B. Electric potential
C. Electrostatic force
D. Electric current

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The Coulomb's law proportionality constant (in air) is:

A. k = 9.0 × 10⁹ N·m²/C²
B. k = 6.0 × 10²³ N·m²/C²
C. k = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ N·m²/C²
D. k = 3.0 × 10⁸ N·m²/C²

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Every charge generates a/an _____, which can exert forces on other charges:

A. Magnetic field
B. Electric field
C. Gravitational field
D. Nuclear field

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Electric field lines show the activity of a _____ test charge:

A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Neutral
D. Variable

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A/an _____ line is a line on which the potential at every point is the same:

A. Electric field
B. Magnetic field
C. Equipotential
D. Conductivity

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A/an _____ is a separation of positive and negative charges:

A. Electric dipole
B. Electric field
C. Electric potential
D. Electric current

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A/an _____ is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system:

A. Electric field
B. Dipole moment
C. Electric potential
D. Electric force

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Electrical potential energy is:

A. The force between two charges
B. The field created by a charge
C. The amount of work required to bring a test charge from infinitely far away to a given position in the vicinity of a source charge
D. The rate of charge flow

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Electric potential energy increases when:

A. Like charges move closer together or when opposite charges move apart
B. Like charges move apart or when opposite charges move closer together
C. Any charges move closer together
D. Any charges move apart

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Electric potential energy decreases when:

A. Like charges move closer together or when opposite charges move apart
B. Like charges move apart or when opposite charges move closer together
C. Any charges move closer together
D. Any charges move apart

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Electrical potential is:

A. The potential energy of a unit charge in any electric field
B. The force per unit charge
C. The work done by an electric field
D. The rate of energy transfer

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Voltage is:

A. The total electric potential in a system
B. The potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field
C. The rate of charge flow
D. The resistance to current flow

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Test charges will move spontaneously in whichever direction results in a _____ in their electrical potential energy:

A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. No change
D. Random fluctuation

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A/an _____ is a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts:

A. Magnetic field
B. Electric field
C. Gravitational field
D. Nuclear field

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_____ materials possess no unpaired electrons and are slightly repelled by a magnet:

A. Paramagnetic
B. Ferromagnetic
C. Diamagnetic
D. Antiferromagnetic

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_____ materials possess some unpaired electrons and become weakly magnetic in an external magnetic field:

A. Paramagnetic
B. Ferromagnetic
C. Diamagnetic
D. Antiferromagnetic

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_____ materials possess some unpaired electrons and become strongly magnetic in an external magnetic field:

A. Paramagnetic
B. Ferromagnetic
C. Diamagnetic
D. Antiferromagnetic

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Current-carrying wires create magnetic fields that are _____ surrounding the wire:

A. Concentric circles
B. Parallel lines
C. Radial lines
D. Random patterns

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The equation for magnetic force of a moving point charge is:

A. F = qE
B. F = ma
C. F = qvB sin θ
D. F = kq₁q₂/r²

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The equation for magnetic force of a current carrying wire is:

A. F = ILB sin θ
B. F = qvB sin θ
C. F = VIR
D. F = μBH

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_____ force is the sum of the electrostatic and magnetic forces acting on a body:

A. Coulomb
B. Lorentz
C. Gravitational
D. Nuclear

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A voltmeter is connected in _____ to measure the potential difference across a component:

A. Parallel
B. Series
C. Perpendicular
D. Diagonal

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An ammeter is connected in _____ to measure the current through a component:

A . Parallel
B. Series
C. Perpendicular
D. Diagonal

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The resistance of a wire is directly proportional to its _____ and inversely proportional to its _____:

A. Length; volume
B. Volume; length
C. Length; cross-sectional area
D. Cross-sectional area; length

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The resistivity of a material is a measure of how much it resists the flow of electric current. It is dependent on the material and its _____:

A. Length
B. Cross-sectional area
C. Volume
D. Temperature

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A superconductor is a material that has _____ resistance when cooled below a certain critical temperature:

A. Zero
B. Very high
C. Very low
D. Infinite