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1. What is the primary reason why digestive enzymes are specific to
D-sugars? Because of the chirality and 3D structure of the sugars
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2. Which of the following would you expect in the breakdown of a
disaccharide? Hydrolysis by a glycosidase
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3. A student is asked to explain the structural difference of fructose from
glucose, galactose, and mannose. The student states:
I. Fructose is a ketose, while the others are aldoses.
II. Fructose has 8 stereoisomers, while the others have 16.
III. Fructose contains 5 carbon atoms, while the others contain 6.
Which of the following is incorrect? III only
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4. Which step of glycolysis is irreversible and is the first step of
intracellular metabolism? Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase
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5. During anaerobic glycolysis (fermentation), pyruvate is converted to
lactate in order to: Regenerate NAD⁺ for glycolysis to continue
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6. The deficiency of phosphorylase kinase would most likely result in
impaired: Conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate
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7. A disease is identified by the deficiency of NADPH. Which process is most
likely affected, and which metabolic pathways are most likely to be
impaired? The pentose phosphate pathway; fatty acid synthesis
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8. Which metabolic process is not likely to involve the direct use or
production of carbohydrate derivatives? Beta-oxidation of fatty acids
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9. Which of the following molecules is both an allosteric activator and an
allosteric inhibitor of glycogen metabolism? Glucose-6-phosphate
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10. Which hormone promotes the storage of glucose? Insulin
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11. Which enzyme is responsible for the committed step of glycolysis? Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
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12. In gluconeogenesis, which molecule serves as the primary substrate for
glucose synthesis in the liver during fasting? Lactate
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13. The pentose phosphate pathway is primarily important for: Producing NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
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14. Which of the following best describes the Cori cycle? The cycling of lactate from muscle to liver and glucose back to
muscle
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15. Which regulatory mechanism primarily controls glycogen synthesis and
breakdown? Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of key enzymes