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Biochemistry - Cell Membrane Transport Concepts - MCAT Practice Questions
Passive transport occurs when a molecule moves: Down its concentration gradient, requiring no energy
What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
called? Osmosis
Which process involves molecules passively moving from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is
achieved? Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that utilizes: Transport proteins
Which type of transport requires energy and moves solutes against their
concentration gradient? Active transport
In primary active transport, the energy needed for the transport is derived
directly from: The breakdown of ATP
The term for membrane transport where two different particles flow in
opposite directions is: Antiport
Secondary active transport harnesses energy released by one particle moving
down its electrochemical gradient to drive a different particle up its
gradient. This process is also known as: Coupled transport
Which process is a method of engulfing large solid materials into the cell
via vesicles? Phagocytosis
The ingestion of liquids into the cell via vesicles is known as: Pinocytosis
The process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the
exterior is: Exocytosis
Membrane potential in most cells is maintained by the Na⁺/K⁺ pump and by: Leak channels
The resting potential of most cells typically falls between: -40 and -80 mV
Which mitochondrial membrane is highly permeable to small proteins and
metabolic molecules? The outer mitochondrial membrane
Where does the citric acid cycle occur, producing electrons used in the ETC,
which is surrounded by the inner mitochondrial membrane? Mitochondrial matrix