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Biochemistry - Fatty Acid Metabolism - MCAT Practice Questions
Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur in the cell?
Cytosol
How is acetyl-CoA transferred from the mitochondria to the cytosol for fatty
acid synthesis?
Citrate shuttle
What is the primary regulatory enzyme for fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
What molecule is acetyl-CoA converted to during the activation step of fatty
acid synthesis?
Malonyl-CoA
How many carbon atoms are added to the growing fatty acid chain in each
cycle of synthesis?
Two carbon atoms
How many steps are involved in each cycle of fatty acid synthesis?
Five steps
What is the mnemonic for remembering the five steps of fatty acid
synthesis?
ACRDR (Attach, Condense, Reduce, Dehydration, Reduce)
What is released during the condensation step of fatty acid synthesis?
CoA and CO₂
Which electron carrier is used in the reduction steps of fatty acid
synthesis?
NADPH
What is produced during the dehydration step of fatty acid synthesis?
Water molecule and a C=C double bond
Where does beta-oxidation of fatty acids occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
What shuttle system does acyl-CoA use to enter the mitochondria for
beta-oxidation?
Carnitine shuttle
How many steps are involved in each cycle of beta-oxidation?
Four steps
Which electron carrier is used in the first oxidation step of
beta-oxidation?
FAD
What is added during the hydration step of beta-oxidation?
Water
Which electron carrier is used in the second oxidation step of
beta-oxidation?
NAD⁺
What is the final step of beta-oxidation called?
Thiolysis
What two main products are generated from each cycle of beta-oxidation?
Acetyl-CoA and shortened acyl-CoA
Where does the acetyl-CoA produced from beta-oxidation go?
Citric acid cycle
What happens to the shortened acyl-CoA after each cycle of
beta-oxidation?
It cycles back into the beta-oxidation process