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Biochemistry - Fatty Acid Metabolism - MCAT Practice Questions

Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur in the cell?
Cytosol






How is acetyl-CoA transferred from the mitochondria to the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis?
Citrate shuttle






What is the primary regulatory enzyme for fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase






What molecule is acetyl-CoA converted to during the activation step of fatty acid synthesis?
Malonyl-CoA






How many carbon atoms are added to the growing fatty acid chain in each cycle of synthesis?
Two carbon atoms






How many steps are involved in each cycle of fatty acid synthesis?
Five steps






What is the mnemonic for remembering the five steps of fatty acid synthesis?
ACRDR (Attach, Condense, Reduce, Dehydration, Reduce)






What is released during the condensation step of fatty acid synthesis?
CoA and CO₂






Which electron carrier is used in the reduction steps of fatty acid synthesis?
NADPH






What is produced during the dehydration step of fatty acid synthesis?
Water molecule and a C=C double bond






Where does beta-oxidation of fatty acids occur?
Mitochondrial matrix






What shuttle system does acyl-CoA use to enter the mitochondria for beta-oxidation?
Carnitine shuttle






How many steps are involved in each cycle of beta-oxidation?
Four steps






Which electron carrier is used in the first oxidation step of beta-oxidation?
FAD






What is added during the hydration step of beta-oxidation?
Water






Which electron carrier is used in the second oxidation step of beta-oxidation?
NAD⁺






What is the final step of beta-oxidation called?
Thiolysis






What two main products are generated from each cycle of beta-oxidation?
Acetyl-CoA and shortened acyl-CoA






Where does the acetyl-CoA produced from beta-oxidation go?
Citric acid cycle






What happens to the shortened acyl-CoA after each cycle of beta-oxidation?
It cycles back into the beta-oxidation process